21世纪先进发射药:低敏感高能发射药(1)--新材料和新实验技术

现代先进武器系统对弹药提出了大威力和高生存能力的要求，研究开发低敏感高能发射药必将成为21世纪发射药及其装药发展的大趋势。该文讨论了低敏感高能发射药的研究背景和意义。详细讨论和分析了发达国家在低敏感高能发射药领域涉及的新材料和新实验技术方面的最新研究进展和成果。指出了我国正处于跨越低易损性发射药的发展阶段，可直接制定并实施兼具低易损性和高能特点的低敏感高能发射药的研究计划。     

高能量密度叠氮硝胺添加剂

通过对硝仿系硝胺进行结构改性，往其中引入一个叠氮甲基，以代替三硝基甲基中的一个硝基，合成了三个新的带偕二硝基的叠氮硝胺，它们具有密度大（１．７—１．８ｇ／ｃｍ３）、氮含量高（质量分数约４０％）、氧平衡较好（质量分数－２３％—－３５％）、标准摩尔生成焓高（约５００ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ）及热安定性较好（热分解温度接近或高于２００℃）等特点，可望作为高能量密度材料的含能添加剂．     

致病钩端螺旋体特异消减片段的序列测定与分析

对24个已鉴定的赖型致病钩端螺旋体特异消减片段进行DNA序列测定和生物信息学分析.结果显示,片段两端皆含有AluⅠ酶切位点,片段大小为149～1506bp,平均480bp,GC含量平均为36 63%.其中6个序列无任何同源匹配序列,提示可能来自新基因;18个同源序列可分为两类:与外膜蛋白或假想蛋白相关,与生化代谢修饰相关的酶.在Genbank中登记其中20个序列,序列号分别为AF300873-AF300877,AF325807-AF325821.这些基于生物信息学的功能预测,将有助于在此基础上进行相关的基因克隆鉴定、表达分析及功能验证.     

型钢九辊矫直力能参数与压弯挠度关系解析

H型钢辊式矫直机在辊压腹板时使翼缘产生塑性变形以达到矫直目的.为了避免矫直过程中出现矫直缺陷,通过建立适当的矫直力学模型,求出了H型钢九辊矫直的压弯挠度与弯矩、矫直力的解析关系,确定了生产中调节矫直辊压弯挠度来保证各辊处的弯矩、矫直力等力能参数的范围.     

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) based microchip for DNA electrophoresis

A novel poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) -based microchip for DNA separation through electrophoresis has been developed using a micro-electro-mechanical-system(MEMS) technology. Unlike previous hybrid PDMS microchip, one PDMS film is first created on glass support by pressing method in our microchip. Thus, increased band-broadening phenomena, arising from the material nonuniformity at the walls of microchannel, can be avoided in electrophoresis process. A low-viscosity hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-100 (HPMC-100) is used as the separation medium for fluorescent intercalator-labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments. Mannitol is introduced to PDMS-based microchip as a separation medium additive to enhance separation efficiency. At applied electric field strength of 150 V/cm, excellent separations of the PCR marker could be achieved with an effective separation distance of 25mm .     

Energetic Coefficient of Restitution for a Planar Two-Body Oblique Collision with Friction

Although the coefficient of restitution was originally thought to be only a material property, the coefficient of restitution also depends upon initial conditions as well as on the frictional effect for oblique collisions. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a method for obtaining the coefficient of restitution for oblique collisions and thereby to provide a theoretical guide for collision experiments. In this paper, we derive expressions for the energetic coefficient of restitution ( e* ) based on general normal contact deformation law, by which the value of e* can be obtained according to the initial conditions. An example shows that the results calculated by the derived expressions are reasonable.     

含能黏合剂聚2,2-二硝基丁基丙烯酸酯的合成与性能

以1-硝基丙烷为原料,经过氧化硝化和羟甲基化反应合成了2,2-二硝基-1-丁醇.2,2-二硝基丁醇与丙烯酸进行酯化反应得到2,2-二硝基丁基丙烯酸酯.以2,2-二硝基丁基丙烯酸酯为单体,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,按自由基聚合机理,合成了含能黏合剂聚2,2-二硝基丁基丙烯酸酯,确定了2,2-二硝基丁基丙烯酸酯的均聚动力学.用FTIR,1 HNMR,TG,DSC等方法表征了聚2,2-二硝基丁基丙烯酸酯的结构和热性能.结果表明,2,2-二硝基丁基丙烯酸酯均聚速率方程为Rp=k[M1].27[I]0.63,说明链终止为单基终止和双基终止并存.聚2,2-二硝基丁基丙烯酸酯热分解峰温为260℃,质量损失21%.     

钴原子簇化学研究Ⅵ．含2，4－二硫代乙内酰脲分子片卡宾的三核钴羰基硫簇合物的合成

用Ｃｏ＿２（ＣＯ）＿８与２，４－二硫代乙内酰脲Ｓ＝ＣＮＨＣ（Ｒ＿１）（Ｒ＿２）Ｃ（Ｓ）ＮＨ反应，得到两类６个新的可能具有手征性的三核钴羰基硫簇合物ＣＯ＿３（ＣＯ）＿７（μ＿３－Ｓ）［μ，η￣２－，对它们进行了元素分析、ＩＲ和￣１ＨＮＭＲ谱表征，证明它们的分子骨架为四面体构型，前期配体２，４－二硫代乙内酰脲在反应过程中至少破碎成四种不同分子片，通过Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｓ原子与簇骨架Ｃｏ原子键合。